4D Printing

4D printing is an advanced form of additive manufacturing in which 3D-printed objects are designed to change shape or function over time in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, water, or magnetic fields. It combines smart materials with programmable design, allowing products to self-assemble, repair, or adapt to their environment. This technology has growing applications in aerospace, healthcare, and robotics, where adaptability and material efficiency are key.